![]() Emphasis has been placed on various elements when being defined by different scientists, as follows: The term risk has been defined and understood in many instances to have somewhat similar meanings. Although there is a general agreement on most of the definitions, some terms are used for different meanings by some scientists. ![]() In addition, for clear comprehension and to avoid ambiguity and misconceiving, the basic terms involved have been defined here. A detailed explanation of risk-based management is carried out in order for a better understanding of the approach. The research also discusses how flood risk evolves, what the causes of this development are, how they can be affected so as to mitigate the risks (by what points of attack and by what measures), and how these can be combined. A first task is to put together various views of what constitutes “risk” in general, and flood risk in particular. The main objective of this research is to provide a basic framework to develop a risk-based flood management strategy for a floodplain. Raised patriotism & regional cooperation in relief and rehabilitationģ. Increased business & production for relief & rehabilitation, insurance businessĬosts for relief aid, flood protection measures, and all management costs Transmission of vector-borne diseases to an outside area, migration Occlusion of seawater intrusion in estuaries and coastal areas, aquifer recharging of outside areas Production losses for supplier from outside the flooded area, unemployment, inflation Increase in production and sales of competitors in an outside area Production losses, income loss, theft, and robbery during an evacuation Replenishing lakes and ponds for fishing production Victims, ecosystems, pollution, monuments, culture loss Increased biodiversity, archaeological discoveries High nutrient water to crops reducing water and fertilizer costs, flushing of salt from the land’s surfaceĬapital loss (houses, crops, cars, factory buildings), deposition of pollution and debris or salts Practical examples are provided in Table 1. Intangible: If the impacts have a social and/or emotional value.Tangible: Whether it can be expressed simply in currency terms.Capability of expression in monetary terms.Secondary: The impact is not within the floodplain.Primary: Not direct, but still occurred within the floodplain.Indirect: In case the damage occurs spatially and temporally out of a flood event.Direct: Whether there was a physical connection with the flood?.Type of impact: Whether flooding is causing a positive impact or a negative.These consequences can be classified according to the following criteria: There are a significant number of positive and adverse consequences of floods. Flood Impactsįlood impacts may include damage, disruptions, restructuring, compensation, and management expenses. In this way, risk-based assessment not only leads to an optimum flood management plan, but also creates an understanding of the mechanism generating the risk. Risk-based management counts every aspect of risk (flood impacts) and also considers all options to manage it the most efficiently. Therefore, recent research indicates a risk-based approach to flood management. There is a strong need for more comprehensive studies on flood vulnerability. Risk-based land-use planning in a floodplain is capable of providing a non-structural means of lowering flood losses and harmonizing floodplain activities. The advantage of a risk-based strategy is that it trades outcomes, which separates it from other design or decision-making methods. A proposed basic framework for risk-based flood management. ![]() A proposed framework is explained in Figure 1 to explore all available options in a systematic way to reduce the flood risk.įigure 1. Vulnerability and/or hazard parameters can be adjusted to improve the floodplains’ functions. The basic principle of flood risk management should be “adjusting from both ends to achieve moderation”. Complete abandonment of floodplains or full flood control could be extreme reactions to flooding, but these reactions could either be practically impossible or emphatically uneconomical. Nevertheless, appropriate actions and behaviors can mitigate the consequences of flooding. In fact, it will never be possible to eliminate the risk of floods. Human society must adopt a risk management strategy in order to coexist harmoniously with flood events. Thus, risk-based flood management facilitates the effective selection of different options. These impacts can be positive or negative. Risk arises because of the combined environmental, social, and economic impacts of flooding. Resources can be spent proportional to the risk involved. Risk-based flood management provides a rationale to spend resources on flood management options.
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